Педагогика развития и сотрудничества

The author defines such terms as «reading», «reader’s development », and «reader’s competence». Reader’s development is represented with consideration of the principle of rising to “acme” of reader’s personal competence. The article formulates the hypothesis about the supremacy of axiological component of the process of forming reader’s competence in primary schoolchildren and their development as readers.

The article proves that social and cultural conditions and factors influence the teacher’s choice of his or her professional roles. The author points out the necessity to differentiate between the teacher’s and the supervising teacher’s role. Basic problems of pedagogical system in educational organization have been revealed. Author comes to a conclusion that combination of internal and external factors brings social and cultural communities in educational organizations. Its Ways is determined by the community specific features.

The article analyzes the major conditions that have been introduced in our country in order for disabled people to obtain higher education. It describes the experience of giving psychological and pedagogical support, accompanying that has already been utilized by the leading Russian institutions of higher learning. The study singles out several leading conceptual approaches to organization of psychological and pedagogical accompanying services.

The article presents the result of studying psychological and pragmatic aspects of speech therapist’s interaction with parents of preschool and primary school children, depending on their active/ passive participation in the correction of speech deviations. It studies the interdependence between the degree of parents’ activity and various factors, e.g. level of their education, social status, severity of speech deviation of a child. Special attention is given to models for building communication in situations of socialization between speech therapists and parents.

The study presents the results of comparative analysis of the signand symbol-based mediation in academic activity, based on the theoretical data and author’s investigations. It is shown that the role of symbol and sign is not the same at different stages of learning. Sign- and symbol-based mediations are equally ineffective at the primary stage of learning at school. Symbolic generalization in thinking is formed by the end of junior school age, it reaches its climax by the 6th – 8th form. At high school students can utilize both types of mediation with equal success.

The article covers results of the empirical analysis of the system of leading mental functions at preschool age. The methodological foundation of the study is functional stage periodization of ontogenetic development (Yu.N. Karandashev, 1981). The study presents the description of the system of interconnections of the major mental functions at preschool age, as well as the dynamics of development of the major mental functions during the age under study.

The article makes an attempt of analyzing and contemplating about scientific, research, and project activity of students as the major ways of activation of students’ cognitive independence. It resents characteristics of the stages of scientific, research, and project activities of students and offers practical recommendations for their organization and fulfillment for university instructors. The study gives examples of specific topics for students’ research and project works.

The article presents results of the study regarding creative activity of students and factors of its dependency. Creative activity is understood as a personal state, which is characterized by the desire to acquire new knowledge and ways of activity, intellectual tension, and demonstration of willful efforts in the process of this kind of activity.

The article covers results of theoretical and empirical research regarding training of a future primary school teacher from the positions of acmeological approach. The study uncovers the structural organization of acmeological orientations of a future teacher’s personality: professional and value orientations, professional goal setting, professional motivation, desire to achieve professional success. It defines level characteristics and types of pedagogical orientations (mono-orientation, poly-orientation).

In the theory and practice of teaching primary school students great deal of attention is paid to the issue of training effectiveness and, in particular, to the issue of cognitive activity’s activation in students. The relevance of this topic can be explained by the fact that introduction of the Federal State Educational Standards of primary general education requires the teacher to know the new forms and methods of educational process organization, which could be feasible and effective in the modern conditions and interesting for children.