Теоретико-методологические подходы к исследованию развития психики

The article presents the theoretical and methodological rationale for the empirical study of socio-psychological well-being of children living in the city. Macro- and micro-social factors of the megapolisare considered. Among them are: the objective living conditions (the district, type of housing, dwelling comfort level and so on), social and socio-psychological characteristics of the family and parents (the economic status of the family, the families residence term in the metropolis and so on).

Dedicated ambiguous aspects of the relationship between the individual (in situations of success, occupational referred to as «Acme») and the environment, relationships, avoiding discussion of sequential study in publications typical of acmeology. Considered important for understanding the phenomenon of «Acme» his «measurements» (temporary, ethical, methodological).

The article describes the results of theoretical analysis of crisis through the acmeological approach. The integration of different views on a crisis by philosophers, historians, sociologists and psychologists allowed us to define the features of crisis in individual life and social development. There were shown: 1) the difference between crisis, acme, katabole and catharsis; 2) the foundation of ideal as central concept of this problem; 3) the classification of crisis overcoming stages.

The article presents an acmeological approach to research the pro­cess of tolerant mentality formation of University students. Based on the comparison criteria of an acmeological maturity of personality and a formation of tolerant personality it concludes a meaningful proximity of these characteristics. According to the analysis of the research the leading role of confidence in a social world as the basis of tolerant mentality formation of personality and one of the basic conditions de­fining level of acmeological maturity of personality is defined.

The article touches upon the man’s attitude to activities as an ag­gregate of structural content «internal conditions» of an attitude to activities. It was shown that the motivation and self-esteem was domi­nant components of «internal conditions». The structural and content organisation of character qualities and personality traits depends on internal contents of the motivation and self-esteem.

The study analyses three realities in which human lives: empirical, socio-cultural, and existential. The research shows that human exists in different realities and understand them with different psychological grounding. Common meaning for all the people, not individual per­sonal meaning, acts as a psychological basis for understanding of judgments about the facts of empirical reality. In this case under­standing is based on commonly known authentic knowledge which M. Foucault called «cognitive», not converting the subject under­standing the world.

The article discusses the issue of the relationship between the academic psychology and psychology practice. It is argued that the mismatch (gap) between the academic psychology and psychology practice is normal and natural. In scientific psychology going rivalry between naturalistic and hermeneutic paradigms. The author analyzes the current state of scientific psychology.

The article proves the necessity to harmonize Christian, psychological, and pedagogical anthropology. Due to anthropological paradigm in the systems of humanities they proved the necessity to distinguish three types of psychological knowledge: psychology of the mind, human psychology, and Orthodox (Christian) psychology – psychology of life path. Such distinction between systems of psychological knowledge allows discussing the problem of proper construction of the hierarchy in human reality.

The author suggests using eco-psychological approach to psyche’s development in order to overcome methodological barriers in the course of studying the emergence of psychological phenomena. The article lists the basic types of eco-psychological interactions, demonstrates the possibilities of their utilization for analysis of gnoseological and onthological paradigms of psychological investigation. The article describes seven stages of establishment of subjectness.

The relevance of studying resilience is among other things conditioned by faster evolution of social objects, increase in general uncertainty, lack of stability, complexity and ambiguity of the dynamics of their state, which, in their turn, lead to an increase in the requirements for adaptation mechanisms of an individual and social groups (families, collectives, sports teams, managerial or project teams); the importance of an individual’s socio-psychological and psychological resources is increasing.