Теоретико-методологические подходы к исследованию развития психики

The article specifies the concept of “acme”. It outlines similarities and differences between this concept and the concept of “elitist orientations” of the developing personality: with a common orientation toward high achievements, “acme” does not always imply public recognition, and every person can have it, whereas “elite orientations” presuppose, sooner or later, some public recognition and a change in the individual’s social status. Career self-determination is examined in connection with the search and clarification of the meaning of future professional activity.

The article discusses the content of the phenomenon of “acme”, it identifies “open questions”, the lack of answers to which hinders its study (temporal parameters of acme, the degree and nature of integration of human qualities, uniqueness and stability of mental structures, the role of environment and the nature of involvement of human activity in the activities of social groups, etc.). The purpose of the article is to raise questions of searching for and identifying spatial and temporal parameters of how the phenomenon of “acme” is manifested.

The paper presents rationale for the choice of research method, taking into account not only the subject of the research, but also characteristics of the object of the research. Based on the features of the mentality of the Sakha people, which are referred to the «silence culture», we propose the method of semi-structured clinical interviews and interpretation of results using microsemantic analysis. It is suggested that the clinical interview will clarify specific cultural psychological constructs.

The paper analyzes modern approaches to the study of a person’s self-awareness and its structural characteristics. In the context of a metasystem approach, the paper presents and provides a rationale for its theoretical structural and functional model. Self-awareness of the individual is represented as an open purpose-oriented tiered system, whose development results in the individual’s self-identification within the system of social relations.

The paper presents an approach developed by the author of the study to addressing special features of the attitude to diseases and health conditions of different groups of people, including children and families with disabilities, and to addressing the problems and components of their rehabilitation. The study directs special attention at understanding as the leading modality of productive comprehension of health problems and their transformation, which is an important component of a person’s recovery and healing and his/her relationship with oneself and the world.

The paper explores the phenomenon of «resources»: psychological mechanisms of actualizing the subject’s «internal conditions» and «external conditions» as resources, levels of activity and interaction of the subject in the «subject – environment» system, a measure of intensity of these interactions and possibilities of accumulating their «critical mass», people’s mental states resulting from «subjectgenerating » interactions and conducive to generating resources.

The paper presents the findings of a theoretical analysis of the correlation between communication phenomena and consciousness, communication and culture, involving basic concepts of mass communication, in which an understanding of its nature, from transfer of information to symbolization and narrativization, is gradually developed. Social communication is viewed as the basic process of building psychosocial identity.

The article uncovers similarities and differences in approaches to finding the meaning of life from the positions of V. Frankl’s existentialism and eudaemonism. In order to illustrate provisions of the letter we used «Personally –oriented concept of happiness», which was developed by the author of the article. It is shown the status of values, which V. Frankl gave to pleasant emotions, serves as a paradoxical proof of hedonistic orientation of logotherapy.