Психология социального развития

The goal of this research is to study the process of understanding as a form of productive thinking aimed at solving problematic situations. We demonstrated that the understanding of a meaning of a work of art, which unfolds as a dialogue between two subjects: the author and the reader/audience, can serve as a model for understanding the problematic situation. The standard for understanding is the meaning laid down by the author.

The article presents the results of an empirical study of high school students’ adaptive readiness. The issue of adaptive personality readiness is important today and it is driven by the necessity of students’ readiness development to adaptation and incompetence of psychological knowledge about typological characteristics of adaptive readiness. The article carries out the analysis of the problems of adaptive personality readiness development in contemporary psychology.

The article presents the result of the empirical study of the implicit concepts of a moral (“decent”) person, which was carried out on various samples of respondents: students from different regions of Russia (Moscow, Krasnoyarsk, Khabarovsk) and successful people, who can be attributed to the scientific and artistic elite of the country (this group included leaders of scientific and creative collectives, doctors, economists, scientists, artists, musicians).

The article presents the results of a theoretical study of parameters of socio-psychological adaptation as predictors of subjective well-being of the individual with different employment situations. It is shown that subjective well-being of a person is determined, in particular, by his/her desire for dominance in relationships, adequate integration of the individual in society, external control, comfortable emotional state, the desire to avoid solving problems and taking responsibility by escaping reality.

Hope, as a psychological category, has been studied by scholars in different times, but its essence is still not disclosed. Hope is a product of a person’s relationship to the life situation. Behavior of an individual in a particular situation with respect to the object of hope depends on his/her experience and the system of values and meanings that determine his/ her future behavior. It is noted that the picture of a personality’s world changes under the influence of external changes that form its new ideas, displacing or leveling the already existing ones.

Counseling is one of the most popular and promising professions in this country. The article explores the topical problem of enhancing the efficiency of mastering the future professional activity during training and successful application of the acquired knowledge at work. The study includes an analysis of approaches to the study of professionally important qualities of a counselor, and an analysis of different approaches to solving this problem.

In the current context of ongoing modernization of the Russian system of education, associated with an imperative need in the “new” teacher who will be able to accept objective social changes, meet the demands of the transforming education system, and be capable of professional “mobility” in his/her pedagogical work, satisfaction with one’s professional occupation becomes one of the indicators of the initiation of a process of unlocking the teacher’s personality potential and actualizing his/her own self in their work.

The article presents the results of a study in the formation of the ability to self-manage and self-regulate behavior in adolescents with different levels of autonomy (N = 117, aged 13–15), performed with the use of the following psychodiagnostic instruments: Autonomy- Dependence Questionnaire (G. S. Prygin), Style Self-Regulation of Human Behavior (V. I. Morosanova), and Self-Management Ability (N. M. Peisakhov).

The article presents the results of a study which conclusively prove a correlation between self-realization and the individual’s hardiness. It is shown that under certain conditions (in difficult life situations) hardiness as a property of the personality is a predictor of self-fulfillment of the subjects of activity. The article outlines modern trends in research of self-realization in the context of the system paradigm. It further identifies main individual and personal determinants of the manifestation of personal self-realization.

The article outlines the results of an empirical study of the phenomenological experience of the individual who finds himself/ herself in a situation of forced otherness, i.e. a situation where the individual, subjectively perceiving other people as belonging to his/ her in-group, is himself/herself perceived by them as an outsider. The study relies on qualitative methodology, which is based on case studies and whose units of analysis are emotional, cognitive, and behavioral indicators of the personality that is experiencing otherness.