чтение

The article demonstrates mechanisms of empathy of junior students during the lessons of literary reading. The results of the experimental 281 study of level-forming characteristics of empathy are presented according to the literary development of the child-reader, carried out on a sample group of first-graders (N = 24; gymnasium № 1 Saratov) using diagnostic tools: the method of projective type «Yabloko» (Apple) by A. F. Panteleev, the method of diagnostic techniques of literary development M. P. Voyushina (based on the story N.

The author defines such terms as «reading», «reader’s development », and «reader’s competence». Reader’s development is represented with consideration of the principle of rising to “acme” of reader’s personal competence. The article formulates the hypothesis about the supremacy of axiological component of the process of forming reader’s competence in primary schoolchildren and their development as readers.

The article is based on the data of sociological and psychological pedagogical polls of the citizens of Russia and results of the educational program PISA-2009 and states the presence of reading crisis, decrease of the level of readers’ culture and readers’ competence among Russians. The author detects the set of objective and subjective reasons that cause modern situation of readers’ negativism. He offers conceptual characteristics of the terms «reading», «readers’ development», «readers’ cognition», «readers’ communication», and «readers’ competence».