The article shows that technology of problem-dialogical training acts as the most important direction for implementation of competencebased learning paradigm in education. We defined stages of formation of key competencies, which are universally important for various activities. The study emphasizes technologies of problem-dialogical training. It was shown that the process of problem-based training gives rise to emergence of different levels of intellectual difficulties in studentsб as well as in their cognitive activity and independence in the course of new knowledge acquisition. It was noted that technology «Generators-critics», which fully contributes to development of critical thinking in students, is of particular importance for organization of educational process, as it helps to overcome difficulties.